Europe · Iberia

Portugal

Still the most accessible EU residence-by-investment programme, but the citizenship promise that built its reputation was repriced in May 2026 from five years to ten — the residency remains excellent, the passport maths no longer does.

Last verified July 2026189 visa-free destinations

Tax position

Income tax (top): 48% plus solidarity surcharge of 2.5% (EUR 80k–250k) and 5% (above EUR 250k), giving an effective top of 53%
Capital gains: 28% flat on securities for residents (option to tax at progressive rates); 50% of real-estate gains taxed at progressive rates
Wealth tax: none; AIMI applies to Portuguese property at 0.7% above EUR 600k of VPT per owner, 1% above EUR 1m, 1.5% above EUR 2m
Inheritance tax: none for spouse, descendants and ascendants; 10% stamp duty for all other beneficiaries on Portuguese assets
Special regime: IFICI (NHR 2.0): 20% flat on qualifying Portuguese employment/self-employment income plus exemption on most foreign-source income, for 10 years
Territorial: No — worldwide income taxed
CFC rules: Yes
Exit tax: Yes — leaving has a cost
CRS: Participating